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Little bit of what I know, I'm no true expert though.
Below there are 3 different turbo charger setups.
Single and Turbo are quite common, multistage or series are in R&D and the diagram represents my limited understanding of an article I read.
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Single
Exhaust gases spin the exhaust side of the turbo, which is directly connected to the compressor wheel which sucks in air and compresses it. Then the compressed (and heated) air goes to the intercooler which helps return it to near ambient tempuratures. After that it is forced into the intake manifold and cylinders. The fuel computer adds fuel (to match the amount of air) and voila LOTS more power than non-turbo applications.
(from www.howstuffworks.com)
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Twin Turbo
Each turbo functions like the individual turbo above, they may operate at the same time or one may not be active all the time (only above a certain RPM) depending on the stock setup.
(image from a 3000GT website, altered to be simpler)
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Multistage (click for bigger pic)
Air compressed by turbo #1 is then fed into turbo #2 which compresses it further. Still two turbos, but a different setup than the twin/sequentail setup seen above. My understanding of how the system works based on what I read.
(altered version of the single turbo pic)
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